HPV: Prevention Starts with the Right Information

HPV (Human Papillomavirus) is a very common virus that can be transmitted through sexual contact. Certain types of HPV, when infection persists, can lead to precancerous changes and various forms of cancer, including cancers of the cervix, anus, penis, vulva, vagina, and oropharynx.

Why is vaccination important?

The HPV vaccine is one of the most important tools for preventing HPV-related cancers. It does not treat an existing infection, but it protects against new infections caused by the HPV types included in the vaccine. For this reason, the greatest benefit is achieved when vaccination takes place before exposure to the virus.

Large population-based studies have confirmed both the safety of the vaccine and its very high effectiveness, which exceeds 90% for various forms of cancer caused by specific types of HPV.

An important message: HPV vaccination is for boys and men too.

HPV is not a “women’s issue.” The virus can also cause cancers in men, while vaccination contributes to reducing the overall circulation of HPV. Protection therefore concerns girls and boys, women and men, depending on age and the applicable national recommendations.

Adolescence is the ideal time to start.

HPV vaccination is primarily recommended during pre-adolescence and adolescence. The World Health Organization identifies girls aged 9–14 as the primary target group, while recommendations vary by country and national vaccination programme and may also include boys.

In Cyprus, there is a strong recommendation for the vaccination of children, both girls and boys, from 9 to 13 years of age, with catch-up vaccination extended up to the age of 18.

Early protection is particularly important because the vaccine is most effective before exposure to HPV. However, the message should not be, “If you didn’t get vaccinated when you were younger, it is too late.” Vaccination options are also available for older age groups.

Up to age 26: it is not too late.

For those who have not been adequately vaccinated, catch-up vaccination is recommended through the age of 26 according to current recommendations in the United States. The number of doses required depends on the age at which vaccination begins and on certain health conditions. It is important to note that national vaccination programmes and eligibility for state reimbursement may vary.

What about after age 26?

Between the ages of 27 and 45, the decision is not the same for everyone. HPV vaccination is not routinely recommended for every adult in this age group, but it may be discussed individually with a doctor, taking into consideration the possibility of future exposure to new HPV types and the potential benefit of vaccination.

Even at this age, therefore, it is worth discussing vaccination with a healthcare professional. Having been sexually active in the past does not necessarily mean that a person has been exposed to all the HPV types covered by the vaccine.

Vaccination and screening go hand in hand.

HPV vaccination does not replace cervical cancer screening. Women should continue to follow the recommended cervical cancer screening guidelines even after vaccination.

Prevention does not have a single age. HPV vaccination is an investment in future health, and it is important to understand what is recommended for each age group.

Speak with your doctor or your child’s paediatrician about whether HPV vaccination is appropriate for you or your child and which vaccination schedule should be followed.

Author:

Dr. Nikolaos Spernovasilis

Director of the Department of Infectious Diseases